{"id":59085,"date":"2026-06-30T08:40:06","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T05:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=59085"},"modified":"2026-06-30T08:40:06","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T05:40:06","slug":"vyrashhivanie-arbuzov-v-podmoskove-osobennosti-agrotehniki-i-vybor-sortov-dlya-otkrytogo-grunta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/vyrashhivanie-arbuzov-v-podmoskove-osobennosti-agrotehniki-i-vybor-sortov-dlya-otkrytogo-grunta\/","title":{"rendered":"Moskva viloyatida tarvuz yetishtirish: qishloq xo'jaligi amaliyoti va ochiq maydon uchun navlarni tanlash"},"content":{"rendered":"

Moskva viloyatida tarvuz yetishtirish qishloq xo'jaligi amaliyotiga qat'iy rioya qilishni talab qiladi, chunki bu ekin faol harorat yig'indisi va quyoshli kunlar soni jihatidan juda talabchan. Issiqlikni yaxshi ko'radigan bo'lishiga qaramay, mo''tadil zonada ko'chat o'tqazish va vaqtinchalik plastik boshpanalar yordamida hosil yig'ish mumkin. Tajriba shuni ko'rsatadiki, muvaffaqiyat erta pishadigan navlarni tanlash va iyun oyida o'simliklarni sovuq kechalardan himoya qilishga bog'liq. Asosiy qiyinchilik mintaqaning beqaror iqlimini hisobga olgan holda mevalarda yetarli miqdorda shakar to'plashdadir.<\/p>\n

O'rta zona uchun navlarni tanlash<\/h2>\n

Ochiq havoda yetishtirish uchun faqat unib chiqishdan pishishgacha bo'lgan vegetatsiya davri 80-90 kundan oshmaydigan juda erta pishadigan navlar mos keladi. Asosiy tanlov mezoni o'simlikning past haroratlarda va kam yorug'likda meva hosil qilish qobiliyatidir. Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, ishlab chiqaruvchining Moskva viloyatida ko'rsatgan meva og'irligi ko'pincha 20-30% ga pastroq bo'ladi.<\/p>\n

"Saxarny Malysh" navi qisqa pishib yetilish davri (75-80 kun) va ixcham mevalari 3 kg gacha og'irligi tufayli shimoliy hududlar uchun etalon hisoblanadi. "Lunny" navi o'zining g'ayrioddiy sariq tanasi va ob-havoga chidamliligi bilan ajralib turadi, bu esa unga o'zining bozor xususiyatlarini tengdoshlariga qaraganda uzoqroq saqlash imkonini beradi. "Ogonyok" - plastik issiqxonalar va ochiq bog'larga yaxshi moslashadigan klassik erta pishadigan nav.<\/p>\n

Urug'larni tanlashda duragaylarga ustunlik berish kerak, chunki ular kuchliroq va kasalliklarga chidamliroq. Katta mevali navlarni tanlashdan saqlaning, chunki ular kamdan-kam hollarda kuzgi sovuq boshlanishidan oldin kerakli shirinlikka erishadi. Mo''tadil iqlim uchun optimal meva vazni 1,5\u20133 kg ni tashkil qiladi.<\/p>\n

\"Moskva\"Sugar\"Oy\"Ogonyok<\/p>\n

Urug'larni tayyorlash va ko'chatlar uchun ekish<\/h2>\n

Moskva viloyatida urug'larni ekish aprel oyining oxirida boshlanadi, shuning uchun ko'chatlar ekish vaqtiga kelib taxminan 30-35 kunlik bo'ladi. Dastlabki tayyorgarlik kaliy permanganatning kuchsiz eritmasida 15 daqiqa davomida dezinfektsiya qilishni va keyinchalik nam matoda 25-28\u00b0C da unib chiqishni o'z ichiga oladi. Shuni yodda tutish kerakki, 20\u00b0C dan past haroratlarda urug'larni unib chiqish keskin pasayadi.<\/p>\n

Tuproq aralashmasi yengil va to'yimli bo'lishi kerak, hijob, torf, qum va chirindi 2:2:2:1 nisbatda bo'lishi kerak. Minimal sig'imi 0,5 litr bo'lgan alohida idishlardan foydalanish ildiz tizimiga zarar yetkazilishining oldini oladi, bu esa tarvuzlarda ko'chirib o'tkazishga juda sezgir. Ekish chuqurligi 2-3 sm.<\/p>\n

Ekish bosqichidagi xatolar ko'pincha substratni haddan tashqari sug'orish bilan bog'liq. Haddan tashqari namlik yetarli bo'lmagan issiqlik bilan birgalikda urug'larning chirishiga va qora oyoqlarning rivojlanishiga olib keladi. O'rtacha namlikni saqlang va unib chiqqandan so'ng darhol maksimal yorug'likni ta'minlang.<\/p>\n

\"Uyda<\/p>\n

Ko'chatlarga g'amxo'rlik qilish<\/h2>\n

Ko'chatlarning cho'zilib ketishining oldini olish uchun, unib chiqqandan keyingi dastlabki 7-10 kun ichida haroratni 19-20\u00b0C gacha tushirish yaxshidir. O'simliklar kuchli quyosh nuriga muhtoj, shuning uchun janubga qaragan deraza tokchasi afzalroq joy hisoblanadi. Sug'orish tuproqning yuqori qatlami quriganida, faqat ildizlardan amalga oshirilishi kerak.<\/p>\n

Birinchi oziqlantirish ikki haqiqiy barg bosqichida murakkab mineral o'g'it bilan amalga oshiriladi. Ikki hafta o'tgach, kaliyga boy o'g'it, masalan, yog'och kulidan tayyorlangan infuziya qo'llaniladi. Kuyishdan saqlanish uchun eritmaning barglarga tegmasligi muhimdir.<\/p>\n

Ko'chatlarni qattiqlashtirish ekishdan 14 kun oldin boshlanadi. Jarayon asta-sekin amalga oshiriladi, o'simliklarning ochiq havoda bo'lish vaqti 15 daqiqadan to'liq kun yorug'ligiga qadar oshiriladi. Bu ularning harorat o'zgarishi va shamollarga chidamliligini oshiradi.<\/p>\n

Yerga ekish va to'shak hosil qilish<\/h2>\n

Ko'chatlar ob-havo doimiy ravishda isinib, tungi sovuq xavfi o'tib ketgandan so'ng, odatda iyun oyining boshida, ochiq havoda ekiladi. Avval gulzor organik moddalar bilan to'ldiriladi va shimoliy shamollardan himoyalangan quyoshli joyga joylashtiriladi.<\/p>\n

Ekish sxemasi o'simliklar orasida 1 metr va qatorlar orasida 2 metr masofani saqlashni o'z ichiga oladi. Ekish paytida zamburug'li kasalliklar rivojlanishining oldini olish uchun ildiz bo'yinbog'ini juda chuqur ko'mmaslik muhimdir. Ekilgandan so'ng, o'simliklar arkalarga plastik qoplama bilan yopiladi, ular faqat kunduzgi harorat 22\u00b0C dan yuqori barqaror haroratga yetganda olib tashlanadi.<\/p>\n

\"Qattiqlashtirilgan<\/p>\n

Ochiq yerdagi qishloq xo'jaligi texnologiyalari<\/h2>\n

Asosiy parvarish tuproqni muntazam ravishda 6-8 sm chuqurlikda yumshatish va uni muntazam ravishda sug'orishni o'z ichiga oladi. Faol o'sish davrida meva berishni rag'batlantirish uchun organik o'g'itlar (ko'katlar go'ngi, tovuq go'ngi) va kul infuziyasi bilan o'g'itlang.<\/p>\n

Butalarni parvarish qilish shart. Har bir o'simlikda 2-3 tadan ortiq meva qoldirilmasligi kerak, ortiqcha tuxumdonlar olib tashlanadi va yon kurtaklar chimchilanadi. Bu o'simlikka qolgan tarvuzlarni pishishiga barcha resurslarini sarflash imkonini beradi. Noqulay ob-havo sharoitida ortiqcha namlik va sovuq kechalardan himoya qilish uchun qoplama materiallaridan foydalanish muhimdir.<\/p>\n

\"Yomg'irli<\/p>\n

Tez-tez so'raladigan savollar<\/h2>\n

Nima uchun tarvuzlar shirinroq bo'lmaydi?<\/h3>\n

Asosiy sabab - pishib yetish davrida quyosh nuri yetishmasligi va tungi haroratning pastligi. Mo''tadil iqlim sharoitida aks ettiruvchi materiallardan foydalanish va kurtaklarni o'z vaqtida chimchilash tavsiya etiladi.<\/p>\n

Mevalar ostiga taxta qo'yishim kerakmi?<\/h3>\n

Ha, bu tarvuzning nam tuproq bilan aloqa qilishiga to'sqinlik qiladi, bu esa meva chirishi xavfini kamaytiradi va uni tuproq zararkunandalaridan himoya qiladi.<\/p>\n

Moskva viloyatida tarvuzning pishganligini qanday aniqlash mumkin?<\/h3>\n

Pishganlik belgilari barg qo'ltig'idagi shoxchaning qurishi, urib ko'rilganda xarakterli xira tovush va yaltiroq, zich po'stlog'ini o'z ichiga oladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Sahna<\/td>\nMuddati (taxminan)<\/td>\nHarakat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ekish<\/td>\nAprel oyining oxiri<\/td>\nChashkalarda unib chiqish va ekish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Qo'nish<\/td>\nIyun oyining boshi<\/td>\nQopqoq ostida yerga o'tkazing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yuqori kiyinish<\/td>\nIyun-iyul<\/td>\nOrganik moddalar va kul infuziyasi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
To'plam<\/td>\nAvgust-sentyabr<\/td>\n5 sm quyruq bilan kesish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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