{"id":57448,"date":"2026-06-30T10:06:31","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T07:06:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=57448"},"modified":"2026-06-30T10:06:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T07:06:31","slug":"mulchirovanie-pochvy-skoshennoj-travoj-vliyanie-na-urozhajnost-ovoshhej-i-yagodnyh-kustarnikov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/mulchirovanie-pochvy-skoshennoj-travoj-vliyanie-na-urozhajnost-ovoshhej-i-yagodnyh-kustarnikov\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuproqni o'rilgan o't bilan mulchalash: sabzavot va rezavor butalar hosildorligiga ta'siri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mulchalash - bu suv va harorat sharoitlarini tartibga solish uchun tuproq yuzasini organik yoki noorganik materiallar bilan qoplashning qishloq xo'jaligi texnikasi. Amaliy tajriba shuni ko'rsatadiki, o't qirqimlaridan mulchalash sifatida foydalanish nafaqat begona o'tlarning o'sishini bostiradi, balki tuproq mikroflorasining hayotiy faoliyatini ham rag'batlantiradi. To'g'ri qo'llanilganda, bu usul an'anaviy o'g'itlash va ishlov berish o'rnini bosadi. Materialni tanlash to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ekin turiga, iqlim sharoitlariga va tuproqning fizik va kimyoviy xususiyatlariga bog'liq.<\/p>\n

\"To'shaklarni<\/p>\n

Mulch qatlamini to'g'ri yaratish xom ashyoni tayyorlashdan boshlanadi. Yangi kesilgan o'tlarni chirish va tuproqning yuqori qatlamining haddan tashqari kislotalanishining oldini olish uchun quyoshda bir necha soat quritish kerak. Qatlam qalinligi 5 dan 10 santimetrgacha bo'lishi kerak, bu esa ildiz zonasida optimal issiqlik izolyatsiyasi va namlikni ushlab turishni ta'minlaydi. Shuni yodda tutish kerakki, yangi organik moddalardan foydalanganda, po'stlog'ining chirishini oldini olish uchun mevali daraxtlar va butalarning ildiz bo'yinbog'idan 10 santimetrlik bo'shliq qoldiring.<\/p>\n

Kartoshka o'simliklarida o't mulchasidan foydalanish takroriy tepaliklarga ehtiyojni yo'q qiladi. O't qatlami namlikni samarali saqlaydi, loyning siqilishini oldini oladi va tuproqni tabiiy ravishda bo'shashtiradigan chuvalchanglar uchun qulay muhit yaratadi. Kuzatishlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, bunday sharoitlarda o'simliklar harorat va namlik stressiga yaxshiroq bardosh beradi. Pishgan begona o't urug'lari bilan o'tdan foydalanish xato hisoblanadi, chunki bu keyingi mavsumda begona o'tlarning kuchli tarqalishiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n

\"O'rilgan<\/p>\n

Berry ekinlarini mulchalash xususiyatlari<\/h2>\n

Malina, smorodina va qora smorodina kabi rezavor butalar organik mulchalashga yaxshi javob beradi. Butalar ostiga o't qo'shish tuproqning barqaror haroratini ta'minlaydi, bu esa bahorgi sovuq va yozgi jazirama davrlarda juda muhimdir. Baland butali ko'k mevalar uchun kerakli tuproq kislotaliligini (pH 4.0\u20135.0) saqlab qolish uchun o'tni qarag'ay ignalari bilan aralashtirish tavsiya etiladi. Mulcha qatlamini muntazam ravishda yangilab turish kuchli ildiz tizimining rivojlanishiga yordam beradi va o'simliklarning umumiy mahsuldorligini oshiradi.<\/p>\n

Qulupnaylar uchun maxsus yondashuv talab etiladi: o't bilan mulchalash to'g'ridan-to'g'ri gullash bosqichida qo'llaniladi. Bu rezavorlarning tuproq bilan aloqa qilishiga yo'l qo'ymaydi, kulrang mog'or va boshqa qo'ziqorin kasalliklari xavfini kamaytiradi. Yuqori namlik va shilliqqurtlar ko'p bo'lgan hududlarda ehtiyot bo'lish kerak, chunki haddan tashqari nam mulchalash zararkunandalar uchun boshpana bo'lishi mumkin. Bunday hollarda, qarag'ay po'stlog'i yoki yog'och qipiqlari kabi quruqroq, dag'alroq materiallardan foydalanish afzalroq.<\/p>\n

\"Mulchalangan<\/p>\n

Muqobil materiallardan foydalanish<\/h2>\n

Issiq iqlim sharoitida "quruq sug'orish" effektini yaratish uchun tosh va mayda toshlardan foydalanish samarali hisoblanadi. Toshlar kun davomida issiqlikni to'playdi va tungi havodan namlikni kondensatsiya qiladi, issiqlikni yaxshi ko'radigan ko'p yillik o'simliklarning ildizlari atrofida barqaror namlik darajasini saqlaydi. Bu usul lavanta, iris va iliq tuproqni afzal ko'radigan boshqa o'simliklar uchun idealdir. Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, toshlar tuproqni ozuqa moddalari bilan boyitmaydi, shuning uchun ulardan foydalanish mineral yoki organik o'g'itlar bilan birlashtirilishi kerak.<\/p>\n

Daraxt po'stlog'i va qipiqdan foydalanish tuproq kislotaliligini o'zgartirishni talab qiladigan o'simliklar uchun foydalidir. Masalan, eman po'stlog'idan foydalanish vaqt o'tishi bilan pH ni kislotalilikka o'zgartirishi mumkin, bu esa gortenziya barglarining rangini pushti rangdan ko'k rangga o'zgartirishi mumkin. Qo'llashdan oldin qipiq yaxshilab chirigan bo'lishi kerak, chunki yangi yog'och tuproqdan azotni yutadi, bu esa o'simliklarda xlorozga olib kelishi mumkin. Eng maqbul yechim ko'p qatlamli mulcha yaratishdir: karton yoki qog'ozning pastki qatlami va organik substratning yuqori qatlami.<\/p>\n

\"Qarag'ay<\/p>\n

Materiallar samaradorligini taqqoslash jadvali<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materiallar<\/td>\nAfzalliklari<\/td>\nXususiyatlari<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O'rilgan o't<\/td>\nOziqlanish, issiqlik, namlik<\/td>\nTez-tez yangilanishni talab qiladi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Toshlar\/shag'allar<\/td>\nNamlikning kondensatsiyasi, dekorativlik<\/td>\nTuproqni o'g'itlamaydi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Po'stloq\/tala\u015f<\/td>\nUzoq muddatli ta'sir, pH o'zgarishi<\/td>\nAzot yetishmasligi xavfi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Karton\/Qog'oz<\/td>\nBegona o'tlarga qarshi kurash<\/td>\nSubstrat sifatida ishlatiladi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Mal\u00e7ni parvarish qilish bo'yicha amaliy maslahatlar<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Ayniqsa, yomg'irli mavsumda zararkunandalar uchun mulch qatlamini muntazam ravishda tekshirib turing.<\/li>\n
  • Kechki blight yoki boshqa qo'ziqorin kasalliklaridan ta'sirlangan o'simliklarning ustki qismlarini mulch sifatida ishlatmang.<\/li>\n
  • Ko'p yillik begona o'tlarni nazorat qilish uchun organik mulch ostiga qalin karton qatlamini qo'ying.<\/li>\n
  • Maysa qatlami cho'kib, chirishi bilan uni belgilangan qalinlikni saqlab, yangilang.<\/li>\n
  • Kungaboqar urug'i po'stlog'idan foydalanishdan saqlaning, chunki ular kemiruvchilar va qushlarni o'ziga tortadi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"Qulupnayni\"Irislarni<\/p>\n

    Tez-tez so'raladigan savollar<\/h2>\n

    Yangi kesilgan o'tni quritmasdan mulchalash mumkinmi?<\/h3>\n

    Bu qabul qilinadi, lekin faqat yupqa qatlamda (2-3 sm dan oshmasligi kerak). Yangi o'tning qalin qatlami tezda chiriy boshlaydi, ortiqcha issiqlik va ammiakni chiqaradi, bu esa ildizlarni kuydirib yuborishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

    Nima uchun mulchalash barcha begona o'tlarga qarshi yordam bermaydi?<\/h3>\n

    Mal\u00e7 bir yillik urug'larning unib chiqishiga to'sqinlik qiladi. Kuchli ildizlarga ega ko'p yillik begona o'tlar (divan o'ti, ekilgan qushqo'nmas) har qanday organik qatlamga kirib borishi mumkin, shuning uchun ularni mal\u00e7 qo'yishdan oldin olib tashlash kerak.<\/p>\n

    Maysa mulchalash qatlamini qanchalik tez-tez o'zgartirishim kerak?<\/h3>\n

    Maysa tuproq organizmlari tomonidan faol ravishda qayta ishlanadi. Harorat va namlikka qarab, faol o'sish davrida qatlamni har 3-4 haftada yangilab turish tavsiya etiladi.<\/p>\n

    Mal\u00e7 kasallikning rivojlanishiga ta'sir qiladimi?<\/h3>\n

    To'g'ri tanlangan mulch mikrofloraning sog'lom muvozanatini yaratadi. Biroq, zich materiallardan foydalanganda ildiz bo'yni sohasidagi ortiqcha namlik chirishga olib kelishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

    \"Noto'g'ri\"Quruq<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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