{"id":55377,"date":"2026-06-30T12:31:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:31:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=55377"},"modified":"2026-06-30T12:31:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:31:02","slug":"chernaya-uzlovatost-vishni-i-slivy-metody-obrezki-i-borby-s-gribom-apiosporina-morbosa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/chernaya-uzlovatost-vishni-i-slivy-metody-obrezki-i-borby-s-gribom-apiosporina-morbosa\/","title":{"rendered":"Gilos va olxo'ri qora tuguni: Apiosporina morbosa qo'ziqorinini Azizillo va nazorat qilish usullari"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qora tugun - bu danakli mevali ekinlarga ta'sir qiladigan va daraxtlarning o'limiga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan xavfli qo'ziqorin kasalligi. Patogen, Apiosporina morbosa qo'ziqorini, shoxlar va tanalarda xarakterli qora o'smalar hosil qiladi. Infektsiya nam havoda spora orqali tez tarqaladi va zaiflashgan o'simliklarga ta'sir qiladi. Bog'ni saqlab qolishning yagona yo'li - alomatlarni erta aniqlash va radikal Azizillo.<\/p>\n

Qora tugunning rivojlanish mexanizmi<\/h2>\n

Qo'ziqorin yuqori namlik davrida daraxt to'qimalariga mikro yoriqlar yoki shikastlangan joylar orqali kiradi. Yuqtirilgandan so'ng, patogen daraxtda g'ayritabiiy hujayra bo'linishini qo'zg'atadigan maxsus moddalarni ajrata boshlaydi. Natijada, zararlangan joylarda zich, kengayadigan o'tlar hosil bo'ladi.<\/p>\n

Infektsiyaning birinchi yilida shoxlarda deyarli sezilmaydigan, taxminan 1,5 sm o'lchamdagi yashil-yashil shishlar paydo bo'ladi. Keyingi bahorga kelib, ular zaytun rangiga ega bo'lib, sporalarning faol ajralib chiqishi tufayli baxmal rangga aylanadi. Asta-sekin o'smalar qorayadi, yoriladi va yopishqoq suyuqlik chiqarishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Agar qo'ziqorin novdani o'rab olsa, sharbat oqimi to'sib qo'yiladi, bu esa tojning bir qismining o'limiga olib keladi. Agar nazorat qilinmasa, kasallik markaziy tanaga tarqaladi va daraxtning ozuqaviy moddalarini butunlay yo'q qiladi. Bunday hollarda o'simlikni saqlab qolish deyarli imkonsizdir.<\/p>\n

Tosh mevalarga zarar yetkazish belgilari<\/h2>\n

Bog'ning holatini kuzatishning asosiy usuli daraxtni vizual tekshirishdir. Qo'ziqorin ko'pincha paydo bo'ladigan barglar qo'ltiqlari va shox vilkalarini tekshirish muhimdir. Kuzgi barglar qora o'sishni aniqlash uchun eng yaxshi imkoniyatdir.<\/p>\n

Tugunlarning o'zlaridan tashqari, kasallik yuqtirilgan kurtaklarning yon tomonga egriligi bilan ham ko'rsatiladi. Murakkab holatlarda to'qima o'tkazuvchanligining buzilishi tufayli erta so'lib qolish va barglarning tushishi kuzatiladi. Ba'zan ikkilamchi zararkunandalar eski o't pufaklariga kirib, ularga hamroh bo'lgan mog'or rivojlanishiga sabab bo'ladi.<\/p>\n

Xavf ostidagi daraxt turlari<\/h2>\n

Apiosporina morbosa qo'ziqorini Rosaceae oilasining turli a'zolariga ta'sir qiladi. Yovvoyi olxo'ri, gilos va shirin gilos ayniqsa moyil. Bog'ni yovvoyi donli mevalar bilan o'rab olish ekinlarda infektsiya xavfini sezilarli darajada oshiradi.<\/p>\n

Sezgir turlarga o'rik, shaftoli, olcha olxo'ri, bodom va qush gilosi kiradi. Biroq, qarshilik darajasi navlar orasida farq qiladi: masalan, nordon gilosning ba'zi navlari nisbiy qarshilik ko'rsatadi. Immuniteti yuqori bo'lgan navlarni tanlash bog'ning biologik himoyasi uchun kalit hisoblanadi.<\/p>\n

Ta'sirlangan joylarni Azizillo qilish taktikasi<\/h2>\n

Nazoratning asosiy usuli - yuqtirilgan to'qimalarni jismoniy yo'qotishdir. Azizillo dam olish davrida, kech kuzdan erta bahorgacha, spora faolligi minimal bo'lgan vaqtda amalga oshirilishi kerak. Asboblar har bir kesishdan keyin 70% spirti bilan dezinfektsiya qilinishi kerak.<\/p>\n

Kurtaklarni olib tashlashda, ko'rinadigan o'simta ostidagi 15 sm sog'lom yog'ochni olib tashlang. Barcha bo'laklarni yig'ish va ularni joydan tashqarida yoqish uchun daraxt tagiga tomizgich qo'yishni unutmang. Kasallangan shoxlarni yerda qoldirish bahorda qayta zararlanishni kafolatlaydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Qayta ishlash usuli<\/td>\nTayyorgarlik<\/td>\nQo'llash xususiyatlari<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yaralarni dezinfeksiya qilish<\/td>\nTemir sulfat (3-5%)<\/td>\nO'sishni olib tashlaganingizdan so'ng darhol qo'llang.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kesishlarni himoya qilish<\/td>\nMis sulfat (1%)<\/td>\nQo'ziqorinlarning qayta o'sishini oldini oladi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yarani davolash<\/td>\nMis oksiklorid (1%)<\/td>\nYog'ochda himoya to'sig'ini yaratadi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Profilaktik choralar<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Infektsiya kirib boradigan po'stloqning mexanik shikastlanishini minimallashtiring.<\/li>\n
  • Barglar tushgandan keyin kuzda harorat o'zgarishidan himoya qilish uchun tanalarni oqlang.<\/li>\n
  • Fosfor, kaliy, bor va magniyga e'tibor qaratgan holda muvozanatli ovqatlanishni ta'minlang.<\/li>\n
  • Saytdan 100-200 metr radiusda yovvoyi tosh mevali daraxtlarni olib tashlang.<\/li>\n
  • Fungitsidlardan faqat sanitariya Azizillo uchun qo'shimcha sifatida foydalaning, mustaqil davolash sifatida emas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tez-tez so'raladigan savollar<\/h2>\n

    Infektsiyalangan novdalarni kompostga ishlatish mumkinmi?<\/h3>\n

    Yo'q, qo'ziqorin sporalari o'simlik qoldiqlarida yashovchan bo'lib qoladi. Infektsiyalangan yog'ochni yoqish kerak.<\/p>\n

    P\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmek uchun eng yaxshi vaqt qachon?<\/h3>\n

    Profilaktik ishlov berish kurtak ochilishida va keyin 7-14 kunlik interval bilan amalga oshiriladi. Uzoq muddatli yomg'irdan oldingi davrlarga alohida e'tibor qaratiladi.<\/p>\n

    Fungitsidlar eski o'sishni davolashga yordam beradimi?<\/h3>\n

    Fungitsidlar allaqachon shakllangan o't pufagini yo'q qila olmaydi. Ular faqat sporalar daraxtning sog'lom qismlariga tarqalishini cheklaydi.<\/p>\n

    Nima uchun kasallik har yili qaytalanadi?<\/h3>\n

    Ehtimol, sporalar manbai yaqin atrofda (yovvoyi daraxtlar) yoki Azizillo yetarlicha chuqur bajarilmagan, bu esa miselyumni shoxlarda qoldirgan.<\/p>\n

    \"Olxo'ri\"Kurtaklardagi\"Daraxt\"Infektsiyalangan<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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