{"id":55361,"date":"2026-06-30T12:31:16","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:31:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=55361"},"modified":"2026-06-30T12:31:16","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:31:16","slug":"bolezni-tykvy-metody-borby-i-profilaktika-gribkovyh-porazhenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/bolezni-tykvy-metody-borby-i-profilaktika-gribkovyh-porazhenij\/","title":{"rendered":"Qovoq kasalliklari: qo&#039;ziqorin infektsiyalarini nazorat qilish va oldini olish usullari"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Qovoq ekinlari bir qator qo&#039;ziqorin va virusli kasalliklarga moyil bo&#039;lib, agar ular o&#039;z vaqtida davolanmasa, hosilga putur yetkazishi mumkin. Patogenlar ko&#039;pincha tuproqda yoki o&#039;simlik qoldiqlarida saqlanib qoladi va noqulay ob-havo sharoitida faollashadi. Samarali himoya qishloq xo&#039;jaligi amaliyotlari, almashlab ekish va maqsadli kimyoviy ishlov berishning kombinatsiyasiga bog&#039;liq. Alomatlarni tushunish infektsiyaning erta oldini olish imkonini beradi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c1c76ca.jpeg\" alt=\"Qovoqning keng tarqalgan kasalliklarining belgilari\"><\/p>\n<h2>Qovoqdagi changli chiriyotgan<\/h2>\n<p>Bu qo&#039;ziqorin kasalligi barg pichoqlarida oq, kukunsimon dog&#039;lar sifatida namoyon bo&#039;ladi, ular oxir-oqibat uzluksiz mitseliy qoplamaga birlashadi. Patogenning sporalari juda bardoshli va tuproqning yuqori qatlamida qishlashi mumkin, shuning uchun soyada zich ekish infektsiya xavfini tug&#039;diradi. Kasallik o&#039;sib borishi bilan vegetativ massa sarg&#039;ayadi va o&#039;ladi.<\/p>\n<p>Kukunli chiriyotganga qarshi kurashish uchun zararlangan barglarni o&#039;z vaqtida olib tashlash, sporalar sog&#039;lom joylarga tarqalishining oldini olish juda muhimdir. Davolash sifatida, qo&#039;ziqorinning qarshilik ko&#039;rsatishini oldini olish uchun har 10 kunda turli xil ta&#039;sir usullariga ega fungitsidlarni almashtirib turing. Issiq havoda tuproqning quyosh nuri bilan tabiiy ravishda o&#039;zini sterilizatsiya qilishiga imkon berish uchun chuqur ishlov berish foydalidir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Uzumlarning juda zich bo&#039;lishiga yo&#039;l qo&#039;ymaslik uchun ko&#039;chatlarni shamollatish bilan ta&#039;minlang.<\/li>\n<li>Turli xil faol moddalarga ega fungitsidlarni navbatma-navbat qo&#039;llang.<\/li>\n<li>Xuddi shu hududda qovoqlarni qayta ekishdan oldin uch yillik tanaffusga ruxsat bering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c215f40.jpeg\" alt=\"Qovoq barglarida oq changli chiriyotgan\"><\/p>\n<h2>Mog&#039;orlangan chiriyotgan<\/h2>\n<p>Patogen oomiset bo&#039;lib, oddiy kukunli chiriyotgandan o&#039;ziga xos zararlanish shakli bilan farq qiladi: bargning pastki qismida suvga botgan dog&#039;lar paydo bo&#039;ladi. Asta-sekin, yuqori yuzasida tartibsiz sariq dog&#039;lar paydo bo&#039;ladi, ular tezda nekrozga aylanadi va jigarrang rangga kiradi. Kasallik tezda eski barglarga hujum qiladi, butaning markazidan tashqariga siljiydi.<\/p>\n<p>Mog&#039;or paydo bo&#039;lishining oldini olish barg yuzasida ortiqcha namlik to&#039;planishiga yo&#039;l qo&#039;ymaydigan sharoitlarni yaratishni o&#039;z ichiga oladi. Panjara ustida vertikal ishlov berish havo aylanishini sezilarli darajada yaxshilaydi va oomiset o&#039;sishi xavfini kamaytiradi. Suv oqimini to&#039;g&#039;ridan-to&#039;g&#039;ri ildizlarga yo&#039;naltirib, yuqoridan sug&#039;orishdan saqlanish muhimdir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yaxshi drenaj va yorug&#039;likka ega joylarni tanlang.<\/li>\n<li>Barglarni quruq holda saqlash uchun ortiqcha sug&#039;orishdan saqlaning.<\/li>\n<li>O&#039;rim-yig&#039;imdan keyin shubhali o&#039;simlik qoldiqlarini olib tashlang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c252f92.jpeg\" alt=\"Mog&#039;orlangan chiriyotganda nekrotik dog&#039;lar\"><\/p>\n<h2>Qovoq antraknozi<\/h2>\n<p>Zamburug&#039;li kasallik 25 daraja atrofida haroratda va yuqori namlikda faollashadi. Dastlabki belgilari eski barglardagi mayda sariq dog&#039;lar bo&#039;lib, ular vaqt o&#039;tishi bilan qorayadi va birlashadi, bu esa kurtaklarning o&#039;lishiga olib keladi. Eng xarakterli alomat mevalarda chuqur qora yaralar bo&#039;lib, ularni saqlash uchun yaroqsiz holga keltiradi.<\/p>\n<p>Mis tutgan fungitsidlar infeksiyani nazorat qilishda samarali hisoblanadi. Dezinfektsiyalangan urug&#039;lardan foydalanish va chidamli navlarni tanlash muhim qishloq xo&#039;jaligi amaliyotidir. Kasal o&#039;simliklar bilan aloqa qilgandan keyin asboblarni dezinfeksiya qilish kerak.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c28e60e.jpeg\" alt=\"Qovoq mevalaridagi antraknoz yaralari\"><\/p>\n<h2>Virusli kasalliklar<\/h2>\n<p>Qovoq mozaikasi kasalligi mevaning g&#039;ayritabiiy dog&#039;lanishi va deformatsiyasi sifatida namoyon bo&#039;ladi: nav uchun odatiy bo&#039;lmagan sariq-yashil chiziqlar paydo bo&#039;lishi tizimli infeksiyani ko&#039;rsatadi. Viruslarni davolash mumkin emas, shuning uchun asosiy e&#039;tibor tashuvchilar - shira va boshqa so&#039;ruvchi hasharotlarni nazorat qilishga qaratilgan. Ta&#039;sirlangan o&#039;simliklar darhol tuproqdan olib tashlanishi va yo&#039;q qilinishi kerak.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c2c16d1.jpeg\" alt=\"Barglar va mevalarda mozaik virusining belgilari\"><\/p>\n<h2>Verticillium so&#039;lishi<\/h2>\n<p>Tuproq orqali yuqadigan &quot;so&#039;lish&quot; deb nomlanuvchi infeksiya o&#039;simlikning qon tomir tizimiga hujum qiladi. Birinchi belgi - bu tuproq namligi yetarli bo&#039;lsa ham, kun davomida barglarning so&#039;lishi. Kesilgan poyada qon tomirlarining aniq ko&#039;rinadigan jigarrang tiqilib qolishi kuzatiladi, bu esa suvning o&#039;tishiga to&#039;sqinlik qiladi.<\/p>\n<p>Samarali davolash usullari yo&#039;q, shuning uchun nazorat profilaktikaga asoslangan: chidamli navlarni sotib olish va almashlab ekishga qat&#039;iy rioya qilish. So&#039;lib qolish belgilarini ko&#039;rsatuvchi o&#039;simliklar ildiz to&#039;pi bilan birga darhol uchastkadan olib tashlanishi kerak.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c305920.jpeg\" alt=\"Verticillium so&#039;lishi tufayli qovoqning so&#039;lishi\"><\/p>\n<h2>Bazal ildiz chirishi<\/h2>\n<p>Kasallik Athelia rolfsii patogeni tomonidan qo&#039;zg&#039;atiladi, u poyaning ildiz zonasiga hujum qiladi va xarakterli o&#039;simtalarni hosil qiladi. Qo&#039;ziqorin kislotali tuproqlarni va yuqori namlikni afzal ko&#039;radi. Uning tarqalishining oldini olish uchun pH qiymatini oshirish uchun tuproqni ohaklash va eski tovuq go&#039;ngi kabi organik moddalarni qo&#039;shish tavsiya etiladi.<\/p>\n<p>Issiq havoda tuproqni quyosh nurlanishi samarali nazorat usuli hisoblanadi \u2014 tuproqni 50\u00b0C gacha qizdirish uchun bog &#039;to&#039;shagini qora plyonka bilan qoplash. Bu tuproqning yuqori qatlamidagi qo&#039;ziqorin sporalarini yo&#039;q qiladi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c34b663.jpeg\" alt=\"Qovoq poyasidagi bazal chirish\"><\/p>\n<h2>Septoriya barg dog&#039;i<\/h2>\n<p>Kasallik vegetativ qismlar va mevalarga ta&#039;sir qiladi, to&#039;q chegarali sariq-oq dog&#039;lar ko&#039;rinishida namoyon bo&#039;ladi. Patogen keng spektrli fungitsidlarga yaxshi javob beradi. Ta&#039;sirlangan barglarni erta bosqichda olib tashlash qo&#039;ziqorin tarqalishini to&#039;xtatishga yordam beradi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c383f2b.jpeg\" alt=\"Septoriya tufayli kelib chiqqan barg dog&#039;lari\"><\/p>\n<h2>Fusarium chirishi<\/h2>\n<p>Fusarium so&#039;lishi pH darajasi past va namlik yuqori bo&#039;lgan tuproqlarda yaxshi rivojlanadi, ko&#039;pincha zaiflashgan yoki zararkunandalar tomonidan zararlangan o&#039;simliklarga ta&#039;sir qiladi. Kasallik o&#039;sishda sekinlashuvga va ildiz bo&#039;yni va mevalarning chirishiga olib keladi. Davolashning iloji yo&#039;q, shuning uchun asosiy harakatlar uskunalarni dezinfeksiya qilish va optimal tuproq pH qiymatini saqlashga qaratilgan.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/gid-po-boleznyam-tykvy-kakie-shansy-spasti-urozhaj_6a42b3c3bfe09.jpeg\" alt=\"Fusarium ildiz chirishi\"><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Kasallik<\/td>\n<td>Asosiy simptom<\/td>\n<td>Boshqarish usuli<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kukunli chiriyotgan<\/td>\n<td>Oq blyashka<\/td>\n<td>Fungitsidlar, yumshatuvchi vositalar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antraknoz<\/td>\n<td>Qora yaralar<\/td>\n<td>Mis preparatlari, almashlab ekish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Verticillium so&#039;lishi<\/td>\n<td>Qon tomirlarining qurishi<\/td>\n<td>Yo&#039;q qilish, chidamli navlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Tez-tez so&#039;raladigan savollar<\/h2>\n<h3>Kasal o&#039;simliklarni kompost qilish mumkinmi?<\/h3>\n<p>Yo&#039;q, ko&#039;pgina patogenlar kompostda yashovchan bo&#039;lib qoladi va o&#039;g&#039;it qo&#039;llanilganda tuproqni qayta yuqtirishi mumkin. Kasal o&#039;simliklarni yoqish yoki joydan olib tashlash kerak.<\/p>\n<h3>Nega kechqurun qovoqlarni sug&#039;orib bo&#039;lmaydi?<\/h3>\n<p>Kechki sug&#039;orish tunda barglarda namlikni uzoq vaqt ushlab turishga yordam beradi, bu esa qo&#039;ziqorin sporalarining rivojlanishi uchun ideal sharoitlarni yaratadi.<\/p>\n<h3>Qovoq ekish joyini qanchalik tez-tez o&#039;zgartirishim kerak?<\/h3>\n<p>Tuproq patogenlarining to&#039;planish xavfini minimallashtirish uchun qovoqni 3-4 yildan keyin asl joyiga qaytarish tavsiya etiladi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u044b\u043a\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440. \u041f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":55362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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