{"id":53639,"date":"2026-06-30T12:57:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=53639"},"modified":"2026-06-30T12:57:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:57:14","slug":"podgotovka-vinograda-k-zime-pravila-obrezki-obrabotki-lozy-i-zagotovki-cherenkov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/podgotovka-vinograda-k-zime-pravila-obrezki-obrabotki-lozy-i-zagotovki-cherenkov\/","title":{"rendered":"Uzumni qishga tayyorlash: Azizillo, uzumlarni qayta ishlash va so'qmoqlarni yig'ish qoidalari"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uzumni qishga tayyorlash bu issiqlikni yaxshi ko'radigan ekinning past haroratlarda omon qolishini ta'minlashga qaratilgan bir qator chora-tadbirlarni o'z ichiga oladi. Kuzgi parvarish to'g'ri Azizillo, qo'ziqorin patogenlarini yo'q qilish va ishonchli boshpana yaratishni o'z ichiga oladi. Ushbu protseduralarning vaqti va texnikasi keyingi mavsumda toklarning hosildorligi va sog'lig'iga bevosita ta'sir qiladi.<\/p>\n

\"Qish<\/p>\n

Kuzda uzumni qanday qilib Azizillo qilish kerak<\/h2>\n

Kuzgi Azizillo yetilmagan yog'ochni olib tashlash va butaning tuzilishini shakllantirishga qaratilgan. Jarayon barglar tushgandan keyin, ozuqa moddalari o'simlikning ildizlari va ko'p yillik qismlariga ko'chib o'tgandan keyin boshlanadi. Optimal sharoitlar quruq ob-havo bo'lib, harorat -2\u00b0C atrofida.<\/p>\n

Azizillo paytida, diametri 5 mm dan kam bo'lgan barcha shikastlangan, kasal va ingichka novdalarni olib tashlang. Asosiy maqsad - bir yoshli yog'ochda meva kurtaklari paydo bo'lishi bilan o'tgan yilgi o'sishning 70-90% ni qoldirish. Butani eski yog'och bilan ortiqcha yuklash rezavorlar sifatini pasaytiradi va zichroq o'sishga yordam beradi.<\/p>\n

Toj ichida yetarli havo aylanishini ta'minlash muhimdir. Zich soyabonlar zamburug'li infektsiyalarning rivojlanishi uchun qulay mikroiqlim yaratadi. Muntazam ravishda Azizillo qilish parvarish qilishni osonlashtiradi va o'simlikning kasalliklarga chidamliligini oshiradi.<\/p>\n

Yil bo'yicha butaning shakllanishi<\/h2>\n

Ko'chat hayotining birinchi yilida eng kuchli kurtaklardan birini tanlash muhimdir, ular 2-3 kurtak bilan kesiladi. Bu faol ildiz rivojlanishini va kelajakdagi butaning skeletini shakllantirishni rag'batlantiradi.<\/p>\n

Ikkinchi yilda asosiy novda birinchi gorizontal panjara ostidan kesiladi. Bahorda paydo bo'ladigan yon shoxlarning eng kuchlilari qoldiriladi va tayanchga bog'lanadi. Qolgan novdalar o'simlik resurslarini tejash uchun olib tashlanadi.<\/p>\n

Uchinchi va undan keyingi yillarda yon shoxlarni yupqalashtiring. Har 15-20 sm shox uzunligida faqat bitta mevali novda qolishi kerak. Qolgan uchlari 20 sm gacha kesiladi, bu esa hosilni yig'ib olish uchun mos tuzilmani yaratadi.<\/p>\n

\"Uzumni<\/p>\n

Qo'ziqorin kasalliklariga qarshi kuzgi davolash<\/h2>\n

Qishlashdan oldin, o'ldiruvchi purkashni amalga oshirish kerak. Bu vegetatsiya davrida to'plangan infeksiya yukini kamaytiradi. Mis va temir asosidagi mahsulotlar asosiy davolash usullari hisoblanadi.<\/p>\n

Mis sulfatning 3% eritmasi yoki temir sulfatning 3-5% eritmasidan foydalaning. Yosh ko'chatlar uchun temir sulfat konsentratsiyasini 1% gacha kamaytiring. Bu eritmalar po'stloq va kurtaklarda qishlaydigan qo'ziqorin sporalarini samarali ravishda bostiradi.<\/p>\n

Bordo aralashmasi (3% eritmasi) qo'llashdan oldin darhol tayyorlanadi. Ishlov berish quruq, shamolsiz ob-havoda, mahsulot po'stloqdagi mikro yoriqlarga kirib borishini ta'minlash uchun tok novdalarining butun yuzasini yaxshilab namlash orqali amalga oshiriladi.<\/p>\n

Qish uchun uzumni qoplash usullari<\/h2>\n

Qoplash vaqti harorat rejimiga qarab belgilanadi: o'rtacha kunlik harorat -2\u00b0C ga yetganda va qisqa muddatli sovuqlar -8\u00b0C ga yetganda, toklarni himoya qilish vaqti keladi. Ildizlarni tuproq yoki kompost bilan 30 sm balandlikka ko'tarish eng oddiy usuldir.<\/p>\n

Havoda quritish usuli eng ishonchli hisoblanadi. Uzumlar tayanchlaridan olib tashlanadi, archa shoxlari yoki taxtalardan yasalgan to'shakka yotqiziladi va keyin arklardan ramka yasaladi. Konstruksiya suv o'tkazmaydigan material bilan qoplanadi va uchlari uzoq muddatli sovuq boshlangunga qadar shamollatish uchun ochiq qoladi.<\/p>\n

\"Uzumni<\/p>\n

Qalamchalarni tayyorlash va ildiz otish<\/h2>\n

Qalamchalar bir yoshli yetuk tok novdalaridan barglar tushgandan keyin, lekin qattiq sovuqlar boshlanishidan oldin olinadi. Kesish o'tkir pichoq bilan amalga oshiriladi: yuqori kesma kurtakdan 1,5 sm yuqorida burchak ostida, pastki kesma esa kurtakdan 1 sm pastda to'g'ri kesiladi.<\/p>\n

Ildiz hosil qilish uchun tala\u015f yoki suv ishlatiladi. Tala\u015fdagi qalamchalar uchdan ikki qismga ekiladi va plastmassa ostida 30\u00b0C haroratda saqlanadi. Suvdagi qalamchalar 25\u00b0C haroratda saqlanadi, suv muntazam ravishda almashtiriladi. Ildiz paydo bo'lgandan so'ng, ko'chatlar bahorda yerga ekilgunga qadar boshqa idishga ekiladi.<\/p>\n

\"Qish<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vositalar<\/td>\nKonsentratsiya<\/td>\nMaqsad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mis sulfat<\/td>\n3%<\/td>\nQo'ziqorinlarning oldini olish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Temir sulfat<\/td>\n3\u20135%<\/td>\nYo'q qilish davolash<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bordo aralashmasi<\/td>\n3%<\/td>\nKasalliklardan himoya qilish<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tez-tez so'raladigan savollar<\/h2>\n

Uzumlarni tayanchlardan olib tashlashning eng yaxshi vaqti qachon?<\/h3>\n

Uzumlar birinchi sovuqdan keyin, harorat -2 dan -5\u00b0C gacha tushganda yig'ib olinadi. Bu o'simlikni qattiqlashtiradi va novdalar paydo bo'lishini osonlashtiradi.<\/p>\n

Sovuqqa chidamli navlarni qoplash kerakmi?<\/h3>\n

Ha, hatto qishga chidamli navlarni ham meva kurtaklarini muzlashdan himoya qilish uchun qishi beqaror bo'lgan hududlarda tepalikka yoki qoplashga tavsiya etiladi.<\/p>\n

Nima uchun ingichka kurtaklarni qish uchun qoldirib bo'lmaydi?<\/h3>\n

Yupqa uzumlar (5 mm dan kam) pishishga ulgurmaydi, oz miqdorda ozuqa moddalarini o'z ichiga oladi va past haroratlarda nobud bo'lishi kafolatlanadi, bu esa chirish manbaiga aylanadi.<\/p>\n

\"Uzum\"Idishlarda<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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