{"id":45224,"date":"2026-06-28T11:52:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T08:52:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=45224"},"modified":"2026-06-28T11:52:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T08:52:14","slug":"pravila-letnej-okulirovki-plodovyh-derevev-dlya-polucheniya-kachestvennogo-urozhaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/pravila-letnej-okulirovki-plodovyh-derevev-dlya-polucheniya-kachestvennogo-urozhaya\/","title":{"rendered":"Yuqori sifatli hosil olish uchun mevali daraxtlarning yozgi kurtaklarini ochish qoidalari"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yozgi kurtak ochish - bu bitta kurtakni (ko'zni) payvand qilish orqali mevali ekinlarni ko'paytirish usuli. Bu usul bog'bonlarga ekish joylari sonini ko'paytirmasdan o'z uchastkalarida turlarning xilma-xilligini kengaytirish imkonini beradi. Ushbu texnikaning muvaffaqiyati to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ildiz to'qimasida sharbat oqimining bosqichiga va o'sish materialini to'g'ri tanlashga bog'liq. Tajriba shuni ko'rsatadiki, kurtak ochish texnikasini o'zlashtirish eski namunalarni yoshartirish va yosh daraxtlarda meva berishni tezlashtirish imkonini beradi.<\/p>\n

\"Yozda<\/p>\n

Nima uchun emlashlar zarur?<\/h2>\n

Payvandlashning asosiy maqsadi butun daraxtni olib tashlamasdan tojning nav tarkibini o'zgartirishdir. Kurtak ochish usuli yordamida bitta ildizpoyaga bir nechta navlarni payvand qilish mumkin, bu esa "bog' daraxti" deb ataladigan narsani yaratadi. Bu joyni tejaydi va turli pishib yetilish davrlariga ega ekinlarga g'amxo'rlik qilishni soddalashtiradi.<\/p>\n

Payvandlash yetuk o'simlikning mustahkam ildiz tizimidan foydalanish imkonini beradi, bu tizim allaqachon mahalliy tuproq sharoitlariga moslashgan. Ko'pgina mevali daraxtlar uchun optimal tuproq pH qiymati 6,0\u20137,0 ni tashkil qiladi, suv bosishining oldini olish uchun etarli drenaj zarur. Noto'g'ri ildizpoyani tanlash birinchi mavsumda to'qimalarning mos kelmasligiga va novdalarning yo'q bo'lib ketishiga olib kelishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Amaliy maslahat: olma va nokning omon qolish darajasi yuqori bo'lgani uchun, anor ekinlari bilan o'stirishni boshlang. Po'stlog'ining shikastlanishi yoki qo'ziqorin kasalliklari belgilari bo'lgan daraxtlarga payvand qilishdan saqlaning, chunki zaiflashgan o'simlik yangi kurtak uchun ozuqa bera olmaydi.<\/p>\n

Nimani va qachon emlash mumkin?<\/h2>\n

Ekinlarning mosligi printsipi ularning biologik munosabatlariga asoslangan, shuning uchun olma daraxtlari olma daraxtlariga, gilos daraxtlari esa gilos yoki olxo'ri daraxtlariga payvand qilinadi. Pishib yetilish vaqtini hisobga olish muhim: novda hosil yig'ish vaqti jihatidan ildizpoyaga teng yoki undan oldinroq bo'lishi kerak. Ushbu qoidaga rioya qilmaslik daraxtning qishga tayyorlanishiga to'sqinlik qiladi, bu esa novdalarning muzlashiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n

Ish po'stlog'i yog'ochdan osongina ajralib chiqadigan faol sharbat oqimi davrida amalga oshiriladi. Mo''tadil zonada bu davr iyul oyining oxiridan avgust oyining uchinchi o'n kunligigacha. Bu davrdagi harorat 18\u00b0C dan 25\u00b0C gacha bo'lishi kerak, chunki haddan tashqari issiqlik to'qimalarning tez qurib ketishiga olib kelishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Yangi boshlovchilarning keng tarqalgan xatosi - kurtak ochish uchun juda yupqa yoki juda qalin novdalarni tanlashdir. Ildiz poyasi uchun ideal diametr 1,5 sm deb hisoblanadi. Juda yupqa novda rivojlanayotgan novdaning og'irligi ostida sinishi mumkin va qalin po'stlog'i uning mahkam o'rnashishini ta'minlashni qiyinlashtiradi.<\/p>\n

\"Olxo'ri<\/p>\n

Asboblar va materiallarni tayyorlash<\/h2>\n

Yuqori sifatli kurtak ochish uchun minimal asboblar to'plami talab qilinadi, ularning barchasi oldindan dezinfektsiya qilinishi kerak. Pichoqning o'tkirligi kesilgan joylarning bitish tezligini belgilaydi, shuning uchun pichoq ustara kabi o'tkir bo'lishi kerak. Xira asbobdan foydalanish qirralarning tishlashiga va to'qima nekrozi paydo bo'lishiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n

Payvandlash materiallari suv o'tkazmaydigan va egiluvchan bo'lishi kerak. Yopishmaydigan tomoni po'stloqqa qaragan holda yopishtirilgan maxsus kurtak yopishqoq lenta yoki oddiy elektr lenta mos keladi. Infektsiyani oldini olish uchun payvandlash joyini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri suv va changdan himoya qilish muhimdir.<\/p>\n

Amaliy maslahat: har doim payvandlarni plastik yorliqlarga suv o'tkazmaydigan markerlar bilan yorliqlang. Yorliqsiz, bir yildan keyin yangi kurtakning navini aniqlashning iloji yo'q. Jarayon davomida po'stlog'iga tasodifiy shikast yetkazilishini davolash uchun qo'lingizda bog 'maydonchasi bo'lishiga ishonch hosil qiling.<\/p>\n

\"Yozgi\"Kesilgan<\/p>\n

Buyrak payvandlash texnologiyasi<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Ildiz poyasida, taxminan 2,5 sm uzunlikdagi po'stlog'ida T shaklidagi kesma qiling.<\/li>\n
  2. Kambiy qatlamiga zarar bermasdan, po'stlog'ining chetlarini pichoq bilan ehtiyotkorlik bilan orqaga eging.<\/li>\n
  3. Yupqa yog'och qatlamini ushlab, qalqonni kesish joyidan o'sish kurtaklari bilan kesib oling.<\/li>\n
  4. Qalqonni ildiz po'stlog'i ostiga joylashtiring, shunda kurtak yuqori kesilgan chiziqdan pastda bo'ladi.<\/li>\n
  5. Kurtak ochilgan joyni lenta bilan mahkam o'rang, kurtakning o'zini ochiq qoldiring.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Agar ildiz poyasining po'stlog'i novdani joylashtirgandan keyin mahkam yopishmasa, bu novdaning qurib qolishiga olib keladi. Agar to'g'ri bajarilsa, 2-3 haftadan so'ng, novdadagi barg poyasi tegilganda osongina tushib ketishi kerak. Bu vaqtda to'qima o'sishi bilan torayishining oldini olish uchun ligaturani bo'shatish mumkin.<\/p>\n

    To'g'ri texnikaga rioya qilmaslik quyidagi oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkin: kurtaklarning birlashmasligi, kurtaklarning nobud bo'lishi yoki kesilgan joyda zamburug'li infeksiyalar rivojlanishi. Agar payvandlash muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lsa, shoxni keyingi mavsumda ikkinchi urinish uchun ishlatish yoki asosiy daraxtga zarar bermasdan olib tashlash mumkin.<\/p>\n

    \"Qalqonni\"Biz<\/p>\n

    Tomurcuklanma haqida tez-tez so'raladigan savollar<\/h2>\n

    Buyrak ildiz otganini qanday bilasiz?<\/h3>\n

    Muvaffaqiyatning asosiy ko'rsatkichi - bu skutellumda qolgan barg poyasining holati. Agar 14-20 kundan keyin u sarg'aygan va yengil tegilganda tushib ketsa, to'qimalar birlashgan bo'ladi. Agar poya qoraygan va qurib qolsa, payvandlash muvaffaqiyatsiz deb hisoblanadi.<\/p>\n

    Payvandlashdan keyin daraxtni sug'orishim kerakmi?<\/h3>\n

    Ildiz poyasida sharbat oqimini faol ushlab turish uchun muntazam sug'orish zarur. Agar tuproq quruq bo'lsa, daraxt metabolik jarayonlarning intensivligini pasaytiradi, bu esa ildiz poyasining shakllanishiga to'sqinlik qiladi. Tuproq namligini 10-15 sm chuqurlikda saqlashga harakat qiling.<\/p>\n

    Agar kurtak avgust oyi oxirida o'sishni boshlasa, nima qilish kerak?<\/h3>\n

    Bu mo''tadil iqlim sharoitida istalmagan, chunki novda sovuq tushgunga qadar pishib yetishish uchun ulgurmaydi. Buning oldini olish uchun novdaning uchini qisib qo'yish tavsiya etiladi. Bu ozuqa moddalarini daraxtning pishishiga va qishga tayyorgarlik ko'rishga yo'naltiradi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Madaniyat<\/td>\nTomurcuklanish davri<\/td>\nOptimal ildizpoyasi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Olma<\/td>\nIyul oxiri - Avgust<\/td>\nOlma daraxti ko'chati<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Nok<\/td>\nIyul oxiri - Avgust<\/td>\nNok ko'chati<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    olxo'ri<\/td>\nAvgust<\/td>\nOlcha olxo'ri, olxo'ri ko'chati<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Gilos<\/td>\nAvgust<\/td>\nAntipka, gilos ko'chatlari<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":45225,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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