{"id":39878,"date":"2026-06-27T20:31:03","date_gmt":"2026-06-27T17:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=39878"},"modified":"2026-06-27T20:31:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-27T17:31:03","slug":"mery-borby-s-pochkovym-kleshhom-na-smorodine-pri-pomoshhi-agrotehnicheskih-priemov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/mery-borby-s-pochkovym-kleshhom-na-smorodine-pri-pomoshhi-agrotehnicheskih-priemov\/","title":{"rendered":"Qishloq xo'jaligi texnikasidan foydalangan holda smorodinadagi kurtak oqadilar uchun nazorat choralari"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qora smorodina kurtak kanalari qora smorodinaning eng xavfli zararkunandalaridan biri bo'lib, bir mavsumda butun hosilni yo'q qilishga qodir. Bu mikroskopik zararkunandalar kurtaklar ichida qishlaydi, bu ularni zararkunandalarga qarshi kurashning ko'pgina usullariga deyarli daxlsiz qiladi. Populyatsiyani muvaffaqiyatli nazorat qilish uchun hasharotlarning hayot aylanishini hisobga olish va vegetatsiya davrining muayyan bosqichlarida davolash usullarini qo'llash muhimdir. O'z vaqtida aralashuvlar zararkunandalar sonini sezilarli darajada kamaytirishi va rezavor meva o'simligining sog'lig'ini saqlashi mumkin.<\/p>\n

\"Smorodina<\/p>\n

Biologiya va rivojlanish siklining xususiyatlari<\/h2>\n

Kurtak kanalari to'rt oyoqli kanalar guruhiga kiradi, kattalarining o'lchami 0,2 mm dan oshmaydi. Ularning o'simlik to'qimalaridan sharbatni so'rib olish uchun foydalanadigan teshuvchi so'ruvchi og'iz qismlari bor. Mikroskopik o'lchamlari tufayli zararkunandalarni maxsus uskunalarsiz aniqlashning iloji yo'q.<\/p>\n

Qishlash kurtaklar ichida sodir bo'ladi, bu esa sovuqdan ishonchli himoya qiladi. Bahorda, havo +5\u00b0C gacha qiziganda, urg'ochilar faol ravishda tuxum qo'yishni boshlaydilar. Bitta kurtakda 8000 tagacha zot to'planishi mumkin, bu esa uning deformatsiyalanishiga va katta no'xat kattaligiga o'sishiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n

Lichinkalar kurtak ichida 6 dan 12 kungacha rivojlanadi, shundan so'ng ular migratsiya qila boshlaydi. Eng yuqori migratsiya davri smorodina gullash bosqichiga to'g'ri keladi, bu davrda zararkunandalar shamol va yomg'ir orqali qo'shni butalarga olib boriladi. Bitta urg'ochi bir mavsumda besh avlodgacha nasl berishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Butaning shikastlanish belgilari<\/h2>\n

Zararkunanda mavjudligining asosiy alomati kuz va qishda kurtaklar shaklining o'zgarishidir. Sog'lom kurtaklar zich va cho'zilgan, zararlanganlari esa shishgan miniatyura karam boshlariga o'xshaydi va bo'shashgan tangachalarga ega.<\/p>\n

Bahor va yoz oylarida kurtaklar uchidagi yosh barglarning holatiga e'tibor bering. Barg pichoqlari qo'pol, deformatsiyalangan bo'lib, g'ayrioddiy och rangga aylanadi. Ta'sirlangan kurtaklar ko'pincha o'sishni to'xtatadi va "jodugar supurgilari" ni hosil qiladi.<\/p>\n

O'rgimchak oqadilar qo'shaloq gul chirishi va barglarning qaytishi kabi xavfli virusli kasalliklarni tashuvchisi hisoblanadi. Bu kasalliklar davolab bo'lmaydi, shuning uchun agar yuqtirilgan o'simliklar aniqlansa, ularni darhol hududdan olib tashlash va yoqish kerak.<\/p>\n

\"Smorodina<\/p>\n

Agrotexnik nazorat usullari<\/h2>\n

Himoyaning asosi to'g'ri sug'orish va muntazam o'g'itlash orqali kuchli o'simlik immunitetini saqlashdir. Faqat rayonlashtirilgan, zararkunandalarga chidamli navlardan foydalanish keng tarqalgan zararkunandalar xavfini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi. Ekish materialining dastlab sog'lom ekanligiga ishonch hosil qilish muhimdir.<\/p>\n

Qalamchalarni ekishdan oldin dezinfeksiya qilish uchun ularni 15 daqiqa davomida issiq suvga (40-45\u00b0C) botirib qo'ying. Shuningdek, agrovertin (10 g) va kolloid oltingugurt (40 g) ning 10 litr suvga 20 soat davomida eritmasi ham samarali hisoblanadi.<\/p>\n

Erta bahorda, uxlab yotgan kurtaklarni issiqlik bilan ishlov berish qo'llaniladi. Shoxlardan 8-10 sm masofada gazli chirog'dan foydalanish sog'lom kurtaklarga zarar bermasdan ba'zi oqadilar o'ldirishi mumkin. Shu bilan bir qatorda, butalarni sug'orish idishidan purkagich yordamida issiq suv (60-70\u00b0C) bilan sug'orish mumkin.<\/p>\n

Zararkunandalarni jismoniy yo'q qilish<\/h2>\n

Shikastlangan kurtaklarni qo'lda yig'ib olish eng oddiy va ekologik jihatdan qulay usuldir. Bahorgi Azizillo paytida har bir shoxchani deformatsiyalangan "no'xat" bor-yo'qligini diqqat bilan tekshiring.<\/p>\n

Agar shoxda 1-2 ta shikastlangan kurtak topilsa, ular ehtiyotkorlik bilan olib tashlanadi va yo'q qilinadi. Agar shikastlanish jiddiy bo'lsa (shoxda 4-6 ta kurtak), butun novdani kesib, yoqish tavsiya etiladi. Bahor va kuzda ushbu protsedurani muntazam ravishda bajarish zararkunandalar populyatsiyasini nazorat ostida saqlashga yordam beradi.<\/p>\n

\"Smorodina<\/p>\n

Kimyoviy ishlov berish jadvali<\/h2>\n

Akaritsidlardan foydalanish havo haroratiga bog'liq bo'lgan vaqt oralig'iga qat'iy rioya qilishni talab qiladi. Harorat qanchalik yuqori bo'lsa, zararkunandalarning rivojlanish sikli shunchalik tezlashadi va takroriy ishlov berishga ehtiyoj shunchalik tez-tez bo'ladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Havo harorati, \u00b0C<\/td>\nDavolash oralig'i, kunlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+12..+18<\/td>\n8-12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+20<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+25<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+30<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Natijaga erishish uchun kamida uchta ishlov berish amalga oshiriladi. Birinchisi, qishlab qolgan hasharotlarni o'ldirishga qaratilgan bo'lsa, keyingi ishlov berish lichinkalarning yangi avlodlariga qaratilgan. Ommaviy gullash boshlanishidan oldin purkashni yakunlash juda muhimdir.<\/p>\n

Biopreparatlardan foydalanish<\/h2>\n

Zamburug'lar va bakteriyalarga asoslangan bioakaritsidlar pestitsidlarga xavfsiz alternativ hisoblanadi. Ular 15 dan 19\u00b0C gacha bo'lgan haroratlarda samarali bo'ladi, ammo sovuq havoda ularning samaradorligi minimal bo'lishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Ommabop mahsulotlar qatoriga Akarin, Fitoverm va Bitoksibatsillin kiradi. Ularni biofungitsidlar bilan akvarium aralashmalarida, qadoqdagi ko'rsatmalarga amal qilgan holda ishlatish mumkin. Takroriy ishlov berish gullashdan oldin va hosil yig'ib olingandan keyin amalga oshiriladi.<\/p>\n

\"Smorodina<\/p>\n

Tez-tez so'raladigan savollar<\/h2>\n

Xalq tabobati yordamida shomillardan butunlay qutulish mumkinmi?<\/h3>\n

Sarimsoq yoki piyoz po'stlog'idan foydalanadigan uy sharoitida davolash usullari zararkunandalarning ko'payishini vaqtincha sekinlashtirishi mumkin. Ular kurtaklarning ichida yashiringan oqadilar o'ldira olmaydi, shuning uchun ulardan faqat boshqa choralarga qo'shimcha sifatida foydalanish kerak.<\/p>\n

Nima uchun gullash davrida pestitsidlardan foydalana olmaysiz?<\/h3>\n

Gullash davrida kimyoviy ishlov berish asalarilar va boshqa foydali changlatuvchilar uchun zararli. Bundan tashqari, bu rezavorlarda zaharli moddalarning to'planishiga olib kelishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Smorodina yoniga sarimsoq ekish yordam beradimi?<\/h3>\n

Sarimsoq va piyozning o'tkir hidi oqadilar qo'rqitadi va ularga zarar yetkazish uchun yangi kurtaklar topishni qiyinlashtiradi. Bu qishloq xo'jaligi amaliyotlari bilan birgalikda qo'llanilishi kerak bo'lgan yaxshi profilaktika chorasidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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