{"id":37690,"date":"2026-06-25T19:32:23","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T16:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=37690"},"modified":"2026-06-25T19:32:23","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T16:32:23","slug":"pravila-vyrashhivaniya-zdorovoj-rassady-tomatov-ot-poseva-do-vysadki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/pravila-vyrashhivaniya-zdorovoj-rassady-tomatov-ot-poseva-do-vysadki\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekishdan tortib ekishgacha sog&#039;lom pomidor ko&#039;chatlarini etishtirish qoidalari"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Yuqori sifatli pomidor hosili to&#039;g&#039;ridan-to&#039;g&#039;ri ko&#039;chatlarning kuchiga bog&#039;liq. Yozi qisqa bo&#039;lgan hududlarda sovuq ob-havo boshlanishidan oldin meva olishning yagona yo&#039;li ko&#039;chatlardan yetishtirishdir. Bu jarayon ekishdan 3-5 hafta oldin tayyorgarlikni, to&#039;g&#039;ri haroratni saqlashni va ko&#039;chat rivojlanishining har bir bosqichida to&#039;g&#039;ri parvarishni talab qiladi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pravilnoe-vyrashhivanie-rassady-tomata_6a3d396d039dd.jpeg\" alt=\"Idishdagi yosh pomidor ko&#039;chatlari\"><\/p>\n<p>Muvaffaqiyatli boshlanish uchun yengil, namlikni saqlovchi va nafas oluvchi tuproq juda muhimdir. Optimal tuproq aralashmasi quyidagilarni o&#039;z ichiga oladi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bargli yoki torfli tuproq (1 qism)<\/li>\n<li>Yetuk chirindi yoki vermikompost (2 qism)<\/li>\n<li>Baland tog&#039;li torf (1 qism)<\/li>\n<li>Qum (1-qism)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Har 10 kg aralashmaga 70\u2013100 g fosfor-kaliyli o&#039;g&#039;it va bir stakan yog&#039;och kulini qo&#039;shish tavsiya etiladi. Qora oyoq kabi qo&#039;ziqorin kasalliklari rivojlanishining oldini olish uchun ishlatishdan oldin tuproqni dezinfektsiya qilish kerak. Shimoliy hududlarda muzlatish samarali, janubiy hududlarda esa bug&#039;lash yoki kaltsiylash tavsiya etiladi. Kaliy permanganat eritmasi yoki zamonaviy biofungitsidlar bilan sug&#039;orish ham qo&#039;llaniladi.<\/p>\n<h2>Urug&#039;larni tayyorlash<\/h2>\n<p>Uyda yig&#039;ilgan urug&#039;lik materiali kalibrlash va dezinfeksiya qilishni talab qiladi. Urug&#039;lar 5% sho&#039;r eritmasiga botiriladi: yaxshi urug&#039;lar tubiga cho&#039;kadi, bo&#039;sh urug&#039;lar esa suzib yuradi. Shundan so&#039;ng, urug&#039;lar yuviladi va kaliy permanganat eritmasida (100 ml suvga 1 g) 20 daqiqa davomida dezinfeksiya qilinadi yoki biologik preparatlarda (fitosporin, alirin) 1-2 soat davomida namlanadi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pravilnoe-vyrashhivanie-rassady-tomata_6a3d396dc2d38.jpeg\" alt=\"Pomidor urug&#039;larini ekishga tayyorlash jarayoni\"><\/p>\n<h2>Ekish vaqti va qishloq xo&#039;jaligi texnologiyasi<\/h2>\n<p>Vaqt iqlim zonasi va xilma-xilligiga bog&#039;liq. Rossiyaning markaziy qismida erta pishadigan pomidorlar 15-martdan 20-martgacha, erta pishadigan duragaylar esa aprel oyining boshidan ekiladi. Drenaj teshiklari bo&#039;lgan qutilarga yoki alohida idishlarga eking. Urug&#039;lar 1-1,5 sm chuqurlikda ekiladi, tuproq ozgina siqiladi va namlanadi. Ko&#039;chatlar paydo bo&#039;lguncha idishlar plastik plyonka bilan yopiladi, harorat 24-25\u00b0C ni tashkil qiladi.<\/p>\n<h2>Ko&#039;chatlarga g&#039;amxo&#039;rlik qilish<\/h2>\n<p>Nihol chiqqandan so&#039;ng (odatda 4-6 kun), plyonka olib tashlanadi va o&#039;simliklar yorqinroq joyga ko&#039;chiriladi. Harorat gradientini doimiy ravishda saqlash muhimdir:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Davr<\/td>\n<td>Kunduzgi harorat<\/td>\n<td>Kecha harorati<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sug&#039;orishdan oldin<\/td>\n<td>+13\u2026+16 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>+11\u2026+13 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sug&#039;orish boshlangandan keyin<\/td>\n<td>+20\u2026+25 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>+17\u2026+19 \u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Sug&#039;orish nihol paydo bo&#039;lganidan bir hafta o&#039;tgach, xona haroratida turg&#039;un suvdan foydalanib boshlanadi. Uch haftalik yoshda, ikkita haqiqiy barg paydo bo&#039;lganda, kuchli ildiz tizimining rivojlanishini rag&#039;batlantirish uchun o&#039;simliklarni kattaroq idishga ko&#039;chiring.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pravilnoe-vyrashhivanie-rassady-tomata_6a3d396ec49ab.jpeg\" alt=\"Pomidor ko&#039;chatlarini alohida idishlarga yig&#039;ish\"><\/p>\n<h2>Oziqlantirish va qattiqlashish<\/h2>\n<p>To&#039;q yashil barglari bo&#039;lgan sog&#039;lom ko&#039;chatlar qo&#039;shimcha oziqlantirishni talab qilmaydi. Agar ular cho&#039;zilish yoki oqarish belgilarini ko&#039;rsatsa, organik o&#039;g&#039;itning kuchsiz eritmasi (mullen, qush axlati) yoki murakkab mineral o&#039;g&#039;itlar bilan bargli o&#039;g&#039;it qo&#039;llang. Ko&#039;chatlarni ekishdan 1,5-2 hafta oldin qattiqlashtiring, haroratni asta-sekin pasaytiring va ochiq havoda bo&#039;lish vaqtini oshiring.<\/p>\n<h3>TSS<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nima uchun ko&#039;chatlar cho&#039;zilib ketadi?<\/strong> Asosiy sabablar xonada yorug&#039;likning yetarli emasligi va juda yuqori haroratdir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pomidorlarga qo&#039;shimcha yorug&#039;lik kerakmi?<\/strong> Ha, agar kunduzgi soat 12-14 soatdan qisqaroq bo&#039;lsa, qo&#039;shimcha yorug&#039;lik ko&#039;chatlarning deformatsiyasini oldini oladi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ko&#039;chatlar ekishga tayyor bo&#039;lganda qanday bilasiz?<\/strong> O&#039;simlik 5-7 ta haqiqiy bargga, 6-8 mm qalinlikdagi kuchli poyaga va birinchi kurtaklarga ega bo&#039;lishi kerak.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qora oyoq paydo bo&#039;lsa, nima qilish kerak?<\/strong> Sug&#039;orishni darhol cheklang, tuproqni quruq qum yoki kul bilan seping va o&#039;simliklarni biofungitsidlar bilan davolang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":37691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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