{"id":34909,"date":"2026-06-26T16:41:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T13:41:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=34909"},"modified":"2026-06-26T16:41:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T13:41:20","slug":"pravilnoe-vyrashhivanie-baklazhanov-i-vybor-urozhajnyh-sortov-dlya-otkrytogo-grunta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/pravilnoe-vyrashhivanie-baklazhanov-i-vybor-urozhajnyh-sortov-dlya-otkrytogo-grunta\/","title":{"rendered":"Baqlajonlarni to'g'ri yetishtirish va ochiq maydon uchun samarali navlarni tanlash"},"content":{"rendered":"

Baqlajon ko'p yillik ekin hisoblanadi, ammo mo''tadil iqlim sharoitida u yuqori issiqlik talablari tufayli bir yillik sifatida yetishtiriladi. Uning mevalari turli shakl va ranglarda bo'ladi, jumladan, nok shaklidagi, sharsimon va hatto ilon shaklidagi, qattiq go'shtli navlar. Sabzavotning vatani Hindiston bo'lib, bu uning to'liq rivojlanishi uchun doimiy yuqori harorat va yuqori sifatli yorug'likka muhtojligini tushuntiradi. To'g'ri qishloq xo'jaligi amaliyotlariga rioya qilish yozi qisqa bo'lgan mintaqalarda ham ishonchli hosil olish imkonini beradi.<\/p>\n

Baqlajon ko'chatlarini yetishtirish<\/h2>\n

Baqlajon ildiz tizimi shikastlanishga juda sezgir, shuning uchun ko'chatlarni chirindi va tuproqdan tayyorlangan 6x6 sm o'lchamdagi alohida idishlarda o'stirish tavsiya etiladi. Ushbu idishlardan foydalanish transplantatsiya paytida ildizlarning shikastlanishining oldini oladi, tez o'sishni ta'minlaydi va meva berishni 20-25 kunga tezlashtiradi. Ko'chat ekish uchun optimal yosh 55-60 kun.<\/p>\n

Ozuqaviy moddalarga boy tuproq tayyorlash uchun 8 qism chirindi, 2 qism torf va 1 qism sigir go'ngini aralashtiring, har bir chelakka 10 g karbamid va 40-50 g superfosfat qo'shing. Urug'larni unib chiqish davrida haroratni 25-30\u00b0C darajasida saqlang va unib chiqqandan keyin vaqtincha 14-16\u00b0C gacha pasaytiring. Kunning birinchi yarmida sug'oring, bulutli kunlarda barglarga tegmasligiga yo'l qo'ying.<\/p>\n

Ekishdan oldin ko'chatlarni qattiqlashtirmaslik o'simliklarning moslashishini kechiktirishga va mevalarning to'kilishi xavfiga olib keladi. Doimiy joyga ko'chirishdan 10-15 kun oldin, sug'orishni asta-sekin kamaytiring va issiqxona shamollatilishini oshiring. Ekishdan bir hafta oldin 0,5% mis sulfat eritmasi bilan purkash qo'ziqorin kasalliklarining oldini oladi.<\/p>\n

\"Idishdagi<\/p>\n

Tuproq tayyorlash va ekish<\/h2>\n

Baqlajon ekish joyi ochiq, yaxshi yoritilgan va kuchli shamollardan himoyalangan bo'lishi kerak. Eng yaxshi o'tmishdoshlar qovun, piyoz va karamdir, lekin hosil kamida 2-3 yil davomida asl joyiga qaytarilmasligi kerak. Almashlab ekish qoidalariga e'tibor bermaslik tuproqda virusli va zamburug'li kasalliklarni keltirib chiqaradigan patogenlarning to'planishiga yordam beradi.<\/p>\n

Kuzda tuproq chirindi (10 m\u00b2 ga 80\u2013100 kg), superfosfat (400\u2013450 g) va kaliy tuzi (100\u2013150 g) bilan to'ldiriladi, maydon 28 sm chuqurlikda qaziladi. Bahorda, tuproq quriganidan so'ng, 10 m\u00b2 ga 300 g dozada karbamid kabi azotli o'g'itlar qo'llaniladi. Ekin uchun optimal tuproq pH qiymati neytral bo'lib, bu ozuqa moddalarining eng yaxshi singishini ta'minlaydi.<\/p>\n

Yerga ko'chat ekish ob-havo doimiy ravishda isinib, tuproq isib, sovuq xavfi butunlay yo'qolgandan keyin boshlanadi. O'simliklar ildiz bo'yinidan 1,5 sm pastroqda, ketma-ket o'simliklar orasida 20-25 sm masofada ekiladi. Yalang'och ildizli ko'chatlardan foydalanilganda, yaxshiroq omon qolishini ta'minlash uchun ildizlarni loy va mullen shlamiga botirish kerak.<\/p>\n

Baqlajon ekishlariga g'amxo'rlik qilish<\/h2>\n

Muntazam sug'orish yuqori sifatli mevalarni yetishtirishning kalitidir, chunki quruq tuproq gullarning tushishiga va tuxumdonlarning deformatsiyasiga olib keladi. Mavsum davomida 7-9 kunlik interval bilan 9-10 marta sug'oring, har 10 m\u00b2 uchun taxminan 200 litr suv sarflang. Har bir sug'orishdan so'ng, begona o'tlarni olib tashlash bilan birga, tuproqni 8-10 sm chuqurlikda yumshating.<\/p>\n

O'g'itlash bosqichma-bosqich amalga oshiriladi: ekishdan keyingi dastlabki 20 kun (150 g karbamid), ikkinchi uch haftadan so'ng (150 g superfosfat va 100 g karbamid). Meva berishning faol bosqichida sug'orish suvi bilan birga yangi mullen (10 m\u00b2 ga 6-8 kg) qo'shish samarali hisoblanadi. Meva pishish bosqichida yetarlicha ozuqaviy moddalar yetishmasligi mevalarning kichrayishiga va bozorda sotilishiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n

Baqlajonlar ko'pincha Kolorado kartoshka qo'ng'izining hujumidan aziyat chekishadi, bu esa barglarni bir necha kun ichida yo'q qilishi mumkin. Agar lichinkalar aniqlansa, xlorofos eritmasini (10 litr suvga 30 g) surting yoki biologik analoglardan foydalaning. Meva pishib yetilishidan oldin, hosil yig'ishdan oldin belgilangan kutish muddatlariga rioya qilgan holda, ishlov berish muhimdir.<\/p>\n

Baqlajon navlari<\/h2>\n

Turni tanlash o'stirish sharoitlariga bog'liq: noaniq duragaylar plastik issiqxonalar uchun mos keladi, ixcham, erta pishadigan navlar esa ochiq yer uchun eng yaxshisidir. "Qora go'zallik" yoki "Uzoq binafsha" kabi erta navlar qisqa yozda hosil olishga imkon beradi. "Almaz" kabi o'rta mavsum navlari bir xil pishishi va noqulay sharoitlarga chidamliligi bilan qadrlanadi.<\/p>\n

Meva shakllari klassik silindrsimondan sharsimon va nok shaklidagacha o'zgaradi. Zamonaviy selektsiya yutuqlari achchiq ta'msiz duragaylarni etishtirish imkonini berdi, bu esa pishirishdan oldin ivitish zaruratini bartaraf etdi. Ekish materialini tanlashda, navning ma'lum bir mintaqa uchun rayonlashtirilishiga e'tibor bering.<\/p>\n

Mevalarni yig'ib olish texnik yetilish bosqichida, mevalar nav uchun odatiy kattalikka yetib, o'ziga xos yaltiroqlikka ega bo'lganda amalga oshiriladi. Kechiktirilgan yig'im-terim haddan tashqari pishishiga, urug'larning to'planishiga va qo'pol po'stlog'iga olib keladi. Barcha mevalarni birinchi sovuqdan oldin terib olish kerak, chunki hatto engil muzlatish ham ularni saqlash uchun yaroqsiz holga keltiradi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Turli-tumanlik<\/td>\nPishib yetilish davri<\/td>\nMeva vazni, g<\/td>\nXususiyatlari<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Olmos<\/td>\nMavsum o'rtalarida<\/td>\n100\u2013165<\/td>\nYilni buta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bagira<\/td>\nErta pishib yetish<\/td>\n250\u2013300<\/td>\nHimoyalangan yer uchun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Qora go'zallik<\/td>\nErta pishish<\/td>\n200\u2013250<\/td>\nTo'g'ri shakl<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0429\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/td>\nErta pishish<\/td>\n238\u2013350<\/td>\nYuqori hosil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

O'sishda keng tarqalgan xatolar<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Ildiz o'sishini to'xtatadigan sovuq tuproqqa ko'chat ekish.<\/li>\n
  • Ko'chatlarni sovuq suv bilan sug'orish ildiz chirishining rivojlanishiga sabab bo'ladi.<\/li>\n
  • Azotli o'g'itlarni haddan tashqari qo'llash, bu esa gullash hisobiga barglarning haddan tashqari o'sishiga olib keladi.<\/li>\n
  • Shamollatishni buzadigan va qo'ziqorin infektsiyalari xavfini oshiradigan zich ekish.<\/li>\n
  • Mulchalashni e'tiborsiz qoldirish tuproqning yuqori qatlamining tez qurib ketishiga olib keladi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    TSS<\/h2>\n

    Nima uchun baqlajon gullari tushadi?<\/h3>\n

    Asosiy sabablar haroratning keskin o'zgarishi, sovuq suv bilan sug'orish yoki yorug'likning yetarli emasligidir. Gullash davrida tuproqda ozuqa moddalarining yetishmasligi ham barglarning to'kilishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Bu muammoni hal qilish uchun iliq suv bilan muntazam sug'orishni va kaliyli o'g'it bilan o'g'itlashni ta'minlang.<\/p>\n

    Baqlajonlarni yon tomondan ekish kerakmi?<\/h3>\n

    Issiqxonalarda yetishtiriladigan baland navlar va duragaylar uchun o'simlikning energiyasini meva hosil bo'lishiga yo'naltirish uchun yon kurtaklarni chimchilash zarur. Barcha yon kurtaklar poyaning birinchi vilkasigacha olib tashlanadi. Ochiq yerda past o'sadigan navlar ko'pincha shakl berishni talab qilmaydi.<\/p>\n

    Baqlajonni yig'ib olish vaqti kelganini qanday bilasiz?<\/h3>\n

    Mevalar nav uchun odatiy kattalikka yetib, yaltiroq po'stlog'iga ega bo'lganda yig'ib olishga tayyor bo'ladi. Agar po'stlog'i mot bo'lib qolsa, bu biologik yetuklikning belgisidir, bu vaqtda go'shti dag'allashadi va ichidagi urug'lar qattiqlashadi. Mevalarning butada haddan tashqari pishib qolishining oldini olish uchun muntazam ravishda yig'ib oling.<\/p>\n

    \"Bog'dagi\"Yerdagi\"Uzun\"Baqlajon\"Baqlajon<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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