{"id":20951,"date":"2026-06-21T21:17:17","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T18:17:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/?p=20951"},"modified":"2026-06-21T21:17:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T18:17:17","slug":"kakie-oshibki-sovershayut-pri-razmnozhenii-komnatnyh-rastenij-cherenkami-i-deleniem-kusta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadogorodnik.top\/uz\/kakie-oshibki-sovershayut-pri-razmnozhenii-komnatnyh-rastenij-cherenkami-i-deleniem-kusta\/","title":{"rendered":"Yopiq o'simliklarni so'qmoqlar bilan ko'paytirish va butani ajratishda qanday xatolarga yo'l qo'yiladi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uy o'simliklarini uy sharoitida ko'paytirish biologik ritmlarni va o'simliklar rivojlanishi fiziologiyasini tushunishni talab qiladi. Muvaffaqiyat nafaqat yangi o'simlikni olish usuliga - qalamchalar, bo'linish, qatlamlash yoki urug'larga - bog'liq, balki asosiy o'stirish shartlariga rioya qilishga ham bog'liq. Ildizlash qoidalariga e'tibor bermaslik ko'pincha to'qimalarning chirishi yoki ildiz otmasligi tufayli ekish materialining nobud bo'lishiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n

\"Yopiq<\/p>\n

Barg so'qmoqlarini noto'g'ri tanlash<\/h2>\n

Qalamchalar uchun o'rta pishgan sog'lom, to'liq shakllangan barglarni tanlash muhimdir. Juda qari barglar metabolik salohiyatga ega emas va yosh kurtaklar hali kuchli ildiz tizimini rivojlantirish uchun yetarli miqdorda plastik moddalarni to'plamagan. Senpoliya kabi o'simliklar uchun rozetning o'rta qavatlaridan olingan material eng maqbul hisoblanadi. Zaif, deformatsiyalangan yoki zararkunandalar bilan zararlangan barglar har doim yashovchan bo'lmagan nasllarni beradi.<\/p>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Bargning turgorini va rangini baholang. Mexanik shikastlanish yoki xloroz belgilari bo'lgan namunalardan saqlaning. Bargni o'tkir pichoq bilan kesib oling, poyani optimal uzunlikda (odatda 2-4 sm) qoldiring.<\/p>\n

Ekish materialining gigienasiga beparvolik<\/h2>\n

Har qanday yangi qalamcha o'simlik patogenlari yoki zararkunandalarini olib yurishi mumkin. Infektsiya tez tarqalgani uchun tuproqqa to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ekish xavflidir. Ildizlashdan oldin dezinfeksiya va stimulyatsiya zarur.<\/p>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Qalamchani iliq suvda yuving. Kesilgan qismning pastki qismini fungitsid eritmasida yoki kaliy permanganatning kuchsiz eritmasida namlang. Jarayonni tezlashtirish uchun ildiz otish stimulyatorlaridan foydalaning, masalan, qalamchani kukunga botirib yoki eritmada bir necha soat davomida joylashtiring. Yangi ko'chatlarni asosiy kolleksiyadan karantin muddati uchun ajratib oling (kamida 14 kun).<\/p>\n

\"Yosh<\/p>\n

Idish va ildiz otish vositasini tanlashda xatolar<\/h2>\n

Idishdagi ortiqcha suv ko'pincha erigan kislorod yetishmasligi tufayli to'qimalarning chirishiga olib keladi. Barg pichog'ining katta qismini suyuqlikka botirish mumkin emas.<\/p>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Faqat qalamchalar suvga botirilgan tor idishlardan foydalaning. Ildizlanish qorong'ida tezroq sodir bo'lishini unutmang. Shaffof bo'lmagan shishadan foydalaning yoki idishni yorug'lik o'tkazmaydigan materialga o'rang. Bakteriyalar ko'payishining oldini olish uchun har 3-5 kunda bir marta suvni almashtiring, bir bo'lak ko'mir qo'shing.<\/p>\n

O'simlik turlari uchun noto'g'ri ko'paytirish usuli<\/h2>\n

Har bir o'simlikning o'ziga xos genetik jihatdan aniqlangan vegetativ ko'payish usullari mavjud. Faqat qalamchalar bilan ko'payadigan o'simlikni ajratishga urinish butun o'simlikning o'limiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Usul<\/td>\nMadaniyatlarga misollar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Barg qalamchalari<\/td>\nSenpoliyalar, begoniyalar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poyasi qalamchalari<\/td>\nGloxiniya, ficus, pelargonium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Butani bo'lish<\/td>\nFerns, xlorofitumlar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rizom bo'linishi<\/td>\nDracaenalar, sansevieriya<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Boshlashdan oldin, ma'lum bir turning botanik tavsifini o'rganing. Agar o'simlikning aniq ildiz tizimi bo'lsa, uni qayta ekishda butani bo'ling.<\/p>\n

\"Yopiq<\/p>\n

Mavsumiylik va harorat rejimini buzish<\/h2>\n

Uyqusizlik davri ko'payish uchun eng yaxshi vaqt emas. Qishda, sekin metabolizm tez ildiz o'sishiga to'sqinlik qiladi, bu esa qalamchalarni chirishga moyil qiladi.<\/p>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Ko'paytirishni bahor va yozning boshlarida, kunduzgi soatlar ko'payganda rejalashtiring. Substrat haroratini 20-25\u00b0C oralig'ida saqlang. Urug'larni ekishda, unib chiqqandan keyin poyaning cho'zilib ketishining oldini olish uchun haroratni 3-5\u00b0C ga tushirish kerakligini yodda tuting.<\/p>\n

\"Ko'chatlar<\/p>\n

Substrat tanlashdagi xatolar<\/h2>\n

Yosh ildizlar bo'shashgan, yaxshi shamollatiladigan muhitga muhtoj. Zich, organik moddalarga boy tuproq namlikni saqlaydi va kislorodning ildizlarga yetib borishiga to'sqinlik qiladi, bu esa ildizlarning bo'g'ilib qolishiga olib keladi.<\/p>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Torf, perlit va vermikulit asosida yengil aralashmalar yarating. Epifitlar uchun sof sfagnum moxidan foydalaning. Ildiz o'sadigan muhitga konsentrlangan o'g'itlar qo'shmang, chunki bu nozik to'qimalarni kuydirib yuborishi mumkin.<\/p>\n

Noto'g'ri sug'orish va havo namligi<\/h2>\n

Namlik muvozanati juda muhim. Substrat doimiy ravishda o'rtacha nam bo'lishi kerak, lekin nam bo'lmasligi kerak. Yuqori qatlamning qurishi yosh ildiz tuklarini o'ldiradi.<\/p>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Substratning namlik darajasini siqilgan shimgich darajasida saqlang. Havoning namligini saqlab qolish uchun mikro-issiqxonalardan foydalaning yoki qalamchalarni shaffof gumbaz bilan yoping, kondensatsiyaning oldini olish uchun ularni muntazam ravishda shamollatib turing.<\/p>\n

\"Yosh<\/p>\n

Kesish texnikasi va yoritish<\/h2>\n

To'mtoq asbob uzoq vaqt davomida bitib ketadigan va infeksiya kirish eshigi bo'lib xizmat qiladigan qirralarni qoldiradi. Bundan tashqari, yomon yorug'lik (to'g'ridan-to'g'ri nurlar yoki yorug'likning yetarli emasligi) ko'chatlar uchun zararli.<\/p>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Faqat o'tkir skalpel yoki pichoqdan foydalaning, har bir kesishdan oldin uni dezinfektsiya qiling. Yorqin, tarqoq yoritishni ta'minlang. Agar tabiiy yorug'lik yetarli bo'lmasa, kunduzgi yorug'lik uzunligini 12-14 soatga qo'yib, o'stirish uchun chiroqlardan foydalaning.<\/p>\n

\"Yosh<\/p>\n

Butani va drenajni ajratishda xatolar<\/h2>\n

Butaning haddan tashqari mayda bo'laklarga bo'linishi ko'pincha ularning hech biri omon qolmasligiga olib keladi. Drenaj teshiklarining yo'qligi, shuningdek, ildiz zonasida namlikni nazorat qilishni imkonsiz qiladi.<\/p>\n

Nima qilsa bo'ladi:<\/strong> Butani shunday bo'laklarga bo'lingki, har bir qism bir nechta o'sish nuqtalarini va to'liq ildiz tizimini saqlab qolsa. Ortiqcha suvni to'kish uchun har doim qozonning tagiga 2-3 sm kengaytirilgan loy yoki shag'al qatlamini qo'ying.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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